Glossary

argument: a series of premises that point to an conclusion. (Dr. T)

conclusion: the end statement of an argument that combines and often embodies the views of a person on a given topic (Dr. T)

premises: Reasoning that leads to a conclusion and that compose and argument (Dr. T)

deductive validity: If the premises are true then the conclusion is true (Dr. T )

descriptive claim: how things are in reality(Dr. T)

prescriptive claim: how things should or could be to produce the best reality. (Dr. T)

soundness: varies with the validity of premises; an augment is sound when it is valid and all premises are true. (Dr. T)

deductive reasoning: only pertains to symbolic man made creations. but in deductive reasoning we can say something is a fact. and we can use these facts to make a case for new facts that may not be universal truths. (Dr. T)

inductive reasoning: predicts events based on patterns on specific instances. all physical science falls in this category. (Dr. T)

consistency: when all premises in a claim are inline and don’t contradict each other. (http://www.jimpryor.net/teaching)

begging the question: a form of augmenter where you reinforce a claim by using a very similar claim that also requires reinforcement. (http://www.jimpryor.net/teaching)

equivocation: When a vague word is used in an argument that doesn’t tie the arguer down to a certain claim. https://literaryterms.net/equivocation/

infectiousness(in art): to what degree is a person moved by an idea feeling or concept embedded in a piece of art. (Dr.T)

living opinion: A belief that is live has some impact or appeal on a person.(William James’s “The Will to Believe.”)

forced opinion: A belief that is forced is a belief that is “all or nothing” or binary.(William James’s “The Will to Believe.”)

momentous opinion: A belief that is momentousness is one that has a big impact on life or that is rare.(William James’s “The Will to Believe.”)

first order desire: to want something. ex: X wants Y. (Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person, Harry G. Frankfurt)

second order desire: To want to want something. ex: i want to want to exercise more. (Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person, Harry G. Frankfurt)

wanton: A person who is consumed by desire and doesn’t concern them self’s with their will. (Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person, Harry G. Frankfurt)

determinism: the doctrine that all events, including human action, are ultimately determined by causes external to the will. (Oxford dictionary)

indeterminism: humans have free will

skepticism: doubting to the point that there is no knowledge. (Dr. T)

foundationalism: establishing a base of certainty that can support an entire system of knowledge. (Dr. T)

word of forms: Plato’s idea of the physical world. (Dr. T)

world of ideas: Plato’s idea of the place where ideas and physical shapes live in their perfect form. (Dr. T)

free will. The ability to purposely choose what you will. (Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person, Harry G. Frankfurt)

belief: is something that you think is true. (Dr.t)

truth: Something that you know is true and corresponds to a fact. Dr. !

essence: the intrinsic nature or indispensable quality of something, especially something abstract, that determines its character. (Oxford dictionary)

materialism: the doctrine that nothing exists except matter and its movements and modifications. (Oxfrod dictionary and Heretics comic book by Steven Nadler and Ben Nadler.)

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